OnThisDay in 1945, top Nazi officials were led into a courtroom in Nuremberg, Germany. The International Military Tribunal (IMT) was in session.

"The wrongs which we seek to condemn and punish have been ... so devastating, that civilization cannot tolerate their being ignored, because it cannot survive their being repeated," declared US Chief Prosecutor Robert H. Jackson in his opening statement.

The 24 defendants were charged with crimes against peace; war crimes; crimes against humanity; and conspiracy to commit these crimes. They were to answer for these crimes in front of a panel of judges from each of the four major Allied countries—France, Great Britain, the Soviet Union, and the United States.

Nineteen defendants would be convicted.

In the following years and with the support of the IMT, US military courts conducted 12 more trials in Nuremberg. Hundreds of other trials were carried out in the Allied zones of occupation and in nations that fought in World War II. However, most perpetrators of Nazi crimes were never brought to trial and punished.

Photo: National Archives

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A group of prisoners documented the medical experimentations that German doctors were performing on them.

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